{"id":10349,"date":"2023-06-06T11:42:22","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T11:42:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mollekuqja.mk\/?p=10349"},"modified":"2025-02-27T11:44:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-27T11:44:39","slug":"veshtrimi-mashkullor-si-udhehiqet-kultura-nga-pikepamjet-mashkullore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mollekuqja.mk\/mk\/veshtrimi-mashkullor-si-udhehiqet-kultura-nga-pikepamjet-mashkullore\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ebshtrimi mashkullor \u2013 si udh\u00ebhiqet kultura nga pik\u00ebpamjet mashkullore?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Laura Mulvey i dha frym\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebs prej koncepteve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kinematografis\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore, t\u00eb quajtur\u00a0the male gaze<\/em>, e q\u00eb n\u00eb shqip mund ta p\u00ebrkthejm\u00eb si\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimi mashkullor<\/em>. N\u00eb esen\u00eb e titulluar \u201cK\u00ebnaq\u00ebsia vizuale dhe kinemaja narrative,\u201d Mulvey argumenton q\u00eb filmat krijohen duke pasur n\u00eb mendje nj\u00eb \u201cshikues mashkull\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin figurat fem\u00ebrore t\u00eb filmave objektivizohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb filmat dhe krijimet kinematografike t\u00eb jen\u00eb sa m\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u2013 pra filmat krijohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur, n\u00eb masa t\u00eb ndryshme, skopofilin\u00eb mashkullore.\u00a0Skopofilia \u00ebsht\u00eb marrja e k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb seksuale p\u00ebrmes v\u00ebshtrimit t\u00eb trupave t\u00eb zhveshur ose provokues seksualisht.<\/strong>\u00a0Nuk k\u00ebrkon shum\u00eb mund q\u00eb ta dallojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u201cfigur\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb gruas n\u00ebp\u00ebr filma. Menj\u00ebher\u00eb nd\u00ebr mend na vijn\u00eb personazhe si Mikaela Banes n\u00eb filmin e vitit 2007\u00a0Transformers<\/em>, e cila mbi t\u00eb gjitha, paraqitet si nj\u00eb \u201ckukull p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngritur shikueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebrmes figur\u00ebs s\u00eb Megan Fox-it.<\/p>\n

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Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb sigurisht ve\u00e7 nj\u00eb shembull nga shum\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr filma. Por, pavar\u00ebsisht se n\u00eb mediat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, me v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ato n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb dhe Europ\u00eb, paraqitje t\u00eb till\u00eb kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb (edhe pse jo t\u00eb largohen krejt\u00ebsisht), n\u00eb mediat ballkanase, konkretisht ato shqiptare, shohim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn \u2013 paraqitjen e fuqishme t\u00eb k\u00ebtij trendi. Meq\u00eb bota shqipfol\u00ebse nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb makineri e madhe kinematografie \u2013 e meq\u00eb un\u00eb nuk jam ndonj\u00eb ekspert filmash \u2013 nuk mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij fenomeni te filmat shqiptar\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht se Mulvey e paraqet k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen n\u00eb kontekst kinematografik, un\u00eb do t\u00eb thosha q\u00eb kjo qasje vlen t\u00eb shqyrtohet edhe n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme dhe aty ndoshta e ka ndikimin m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm e t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb diskursin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm shoq\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

Kur p\u00ebrmend\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimin mashkullor<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0n\u00eb kontekstin kulturor t\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie, n\u00ebnkuptoj paraqitjen e k\u00ebtij fenomeni n\u00eb media, n\u00eb krijime artistike (si k\u00ebng\u00eb e videoklipe), n\u00eb rrjete sociale e n\u00eb diskursin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm dhe gjuh\u00ebsor t\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie. Nj\u00eb studim i till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb i gjat\u00eb, andaj un\u00eb do t\u00eb mjaftohem vet\u00ebm me theksimin e disa prej m\u00ebnyrave m\u00eb t\u00eb qarta e t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta q\u00eb\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimi mashkullor<\/em>\u00a0e m\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht\u00a0pik\u00ebpamja mashkullor\u00a0<\/em>e drejton qasjen dhe mentalitetin kulturor t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrive.<\/p>\n

Shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb (e vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb) shoq\u00ebri patriarkale \u2013 pra shoq\u00ebri n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat rolet drejtuese, vendimmarr\u00ebse, kreative, e th\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb thjesht \u2013 kryesore, u jepen dhe u ofrohen m\u00eb leht\u00ebsisht meshkujve sesa grave. Shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb shqiptare, n\u00eb krahasim me ato europiane n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, e kan\u00eb ruajtur tradicionalizmin patriarkal edhe n\u00eb form\u00eb ligjore e shoq\u00ebrore p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Shtetformimi m\u00eb i von\u00eb dhe presioni komb\u00ebtar ndaj shqiptar\u00ebve me siguri ka ndikuar mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb. Q\u00ebndrime t\u00eb tilla patriarkale kan\u00eb rrjedhur edhe n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore shqiptare. Duke u kthyer nga e kaluara,\u00a0objektivizimi i grave p\u00ebrmes\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimit mashkullor<\/em>\u00a0dallohet edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00eb popullore.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00ebse i analizojm\u00eb tekstet e shum\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00ebve ku p\u00ebrmenden personazhe fem\u00ebrore do t\u00eb shohim q\u00eb karakteristikat dalluese t\u00eb tyre jan\u00eb\u00a0\u201cbuz\u00ebt si karajfile,\u201d \u201cbelat e holl\u00eb,\u201d \u201cshtati si selvi\u201d e mjaft shembuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u2013 supozohet pra p\u00ebrnj\u00ebher\u00eb q\u00eb d\u00ebgjuesit, n\u00eb mas\u00ebn d\u00ebrmuese, jan\u00eb meshkuj.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar, kur grat\u00eb s\u2019kishin t\u00eb drejt\u00eb as t\u00eb dilnin n\u00eb prag t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, a t\u00eb ishin n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me burrat, tekste t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb gjer diku \u201ct\u00eb kuptueshme\u201d (sigurisht q\u00eb s\u2019jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranueshme) \u2013 jan\u00eb t\u00eb tilla pasi vet\u00eb konteksti shoq\u00ebror nuk lejonte q\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoheshin p\u00ebr di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrpos k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsive vizuale q\u00eb u jepnin meshkujve, pasi ajo ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsisht mashkullore, ku mashkulli e vendoste t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e t\u00eb padrejt\u00ebn, e ndante t\u00eb pranueshmen nga e papranueshmja. Nj\u00eb qasje e ngjashme ndodh edhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebt bashk\u00ebkohore. Kultura jon\u00eb dhe produktet e saj vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb drejtohen pothuajse krejt\u00ebsisht nga\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimi \u2013 dhe pik\u00ebpamja \u2013 mashkullor\/e.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u201cmentalitetin\u201d e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb mediave shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrshtypja q\u00eb\u00a0p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur shikueshm\u00ebri t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb emisione \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm objektivizmi dhe seksualizimi i figur\u00ebs s\u00eb gruas.<\/strong>\u00a0Ky \u201cmentalitet\u201d vihet re n\u00eb pothuajse krejt mediat shqiptare, si n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ashtu edhe n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb e Maqedoni (pavar\u00ebsisht se n\u00eb doz\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb t\u00eb fundit). Nj\u00eb rast shum\u00eb publik q\u00eb mund t\u00eb na kujtohet \u00ebsht\u00eb situata q\u00eb u krijua n\u00eb emisionin e quajtur\u00a0Xing me Ermalin<\/em>,<\/strong>\u00a0ku t\u00eb ftuarit nga\u00a0Nas<\/em>\u00a0Daily<\/em>, Nuseri Yassin\u00a0<\/strong>dhe ish e dashura e tij,\u00a0Alyne<\/strong>, e kund\u00ebrshtuan haptazi objektivizimin dhe seksualizimin q\u00eb iu b\u00eb grave n\u00eb nj\u00eb emision aq t\u00eb madh si\u00e7 ishte ai.\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shum\u00eb emisione t\u00eb tilla gjejm\u00eb figur\u00ebn e \u201cgruas kukull\u201d e cila p\u00ebrdoret si \u201ckarrem\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr shikuesit jo nga kualiteti mediatik, por p\u00ebrmes skopofilis\u00eb.\u00a0N\u00eb shum\u00eb emisione dallohen edhe plot raste kur kuadri i kamerave p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb trupin e t\u00eb ftuarave gra, duke i seksualizuar pjes\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb trupit, sigurisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur skopofilin\u00eb mashkullore.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00cbsht\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme dhe e frikshme se si shum\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre grave q\u00eb paraqiten n\u00eb kuadro t\u00eb tilla nuk reagojn\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe publike, pasi kjo qasje \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7se degradim i figur\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb personi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pamjen e tyre fizike \u2013 nj\u00eb posht\u00ebrim total. K\u00ebto teknika p\u00ebr \u201ct\u00eb mbajtur v\u00ebmendjen e shikuesve\u201d qart\u00ebsisht drejtohen vet\u00ebm drejt meshkujve, e nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht paraqiten si teknika t\u00eb lira e boshe, q\u00eb e trajtojn\u00eb si femr\u00ebn, ashtu edhe mashkullin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb fyese \u2013 t\u00eb par\u00ebn duke e trajtuar si objekt seksual e jo si njeri, a t\u00eb dytin duke e trajtuar si asgj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa nj\u00eb \u201ckafsh\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuar nga epshet.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb fenomen i ngjash\u00ebm ndodh edhe n\u00eb videoklipet muzikore, kaq pjes\u00eb e madhe e kultur\u00ebs rinore sot, sidomos n\u00eb zhanrin e hip-hopit. Femra p\u00ebrdoret si objekt, p\u00ebrdoret si simbol i seksuales dhe epshores, a mashkulli si \u201cpronari\u201d i k\u00ebtij \u201csimboli\u201d i cili b\u00ebn me t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshiroj\u00eb, e p\u00ebrdor si t\u00eb doj\u00eb, e shfryt\u00ebzon dhe e sundon. Imagjinoni me\u00a0\u00e7far\u00eb fryme seksiste zhvillohet kultura bashk\u00ebkohore p\u00ebrmes medias e muzik\u00ebs \u2013 gruaja \u00ebsht\u00eb objekti, mashkulli synon t\u00eb jet\u00eb pronari \u2013 nj\u00eb raport kapitalist i nd\u00ebrtuar mbi pron\u00ebsin\u00eb seksuale, brenda raporteve njer\u00ebzore… e frikshme.\u00a0<\/strong>Tekstet dhe mesazhet q\u00eb p\u00ebrhapen shpesh n\u00eb k\u00ebng\u00eb t\u00eb tilla ve\u00e7se ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb pranimin dhe p\u00ebrhapjen e k\u00ebtyre q\u00ebndrimeve, sidomos kur harrohen t\u00eb kuptohen si \u201cshprehje artistike\u201d dhe merren si mesazhe t\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201csjelljeje t\u00eb duhur.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Prania m\u00eb e lart\u00eb historike e kapitalit ekonomik brenda gjinis\u00eb mashkullore ka sjell\u00eb edhe n\u00eb seksualizim e objektivizim t\u00eb figur\u00ebs s\u00eb gruas edhe n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e bizneseve. Shpesh na ndodh t\u00eb shohim figura fem\u00ebrore t\u00eb seksualizuara e t\u00eb objektivizuara q\u00eb paraqiten n\u00eb reklama t\u00eb bizneseve t\u00eb llojllojshme. N\u00eb situata t\u00eb tilla bizneset dhe ekipet e marketingut luajn\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri me kart\u00ebn e \u201cmashkullit si nj\u00eb qenie epshore\u201d dhe nxisin fetishizimin e produkteve ekonomike me nxitje seksuale, a nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht promovojn\u00eb iden\u00eb se vlera e grave q\u00ebndron ve\u00e7 n\u00eb \u201cparaqitjen e tyre p\u00ebr burrat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pra,\u00a0bizneset, mediat, filmat, librat e kultura n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, n\u00eb produktet q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb, pothuajse p\u00ebrher\u00eb kan\u00eb nd\u00ebr mend nj\u00eb konsumator mashkull, a nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb 50% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb bot\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/strong>K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb shtoj q\u00eb ekziston objektivizim dhe seksualizim edhe i figur\u00ebs s\u00eb mashkullit, drejtuar\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimit fem\u00ebror<\/em>, mir\u00ebpo ky fenomen (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e biznesit) nuk krahasohet aspak me pranin\u00eb e\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimit mashkullor,\u00a0<\/em>sidomos n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn artistike e mediatike. Sipas gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtyre shembujve, nj\u00eb\u00a0njeri tipik<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mashkull \u2013 besoj se vihet re sa mentalitet i gabuar \u00ebsht\u00eb ky…<\/p>\n

Ju ftoj t\u00eb shikoni me v\u00ebmendje produktet kulturore q\u00eb kultura jon\u00eb prodhon dhe konsumon dhe do t\u2019i dalloni shum\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat po ju flas \u2013 shikoni emisionet, videoklipet e k\u00ebng\u00ebve, filmat; lexoni tekstet e k\u00ebng\u00ebve, librat poezit\u00eb dhe do ta dalloni k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen n\u00eb aq shum\u00eb vende sa do t\u00eb habiteni. Do ta dalloni edhe n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme, dhe n\u00eb\u00a0meme-<\/em>t q\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb rrjetet sociale. Dikush do t\u00eb thoshte q\u00eb k\u00ebto jan\u00eb thjesht shaka dhe nuk jan\u00eb q\u00ebndrime serioze, megjithat\u00eb un\u00eb besoj fort n\u00eb th\u00ebnien \u201cshakaja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjysma e s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs\u201d dhe nj\u00eb shaka\u00a0kaq\u00a0<\/em>e p\u00ebrhapur s\u2019ka se si t\u00eb mos ket\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta brenda vetes. Do t\u00eb mund ta zgjeronim k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u2013 mund t\u00eb diskutonim p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin e grave si p\u00ebrbind\u00ebsha dhe figura t\u00eb frikshme n\u00ebp\u00ebr mitologji e legjenda (si shtrigat, lugat\u00eb etj.), mir\u00ebpo k\u00ebto jan\u00eb tema p\u00ebr shqyrtim shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb e t\u00eb thuk\u00ebt. Aq e p\u00ebrhapur dhe e normalizuar \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo qasje dhe kjo\u00a0pik\u00ebpamje\u00a0<\/em>mashkullore,\u00a0ky\u00a0v\u00ebshtrim mashkullor<\/em>\u00a0ndaj bot\u00ebs, saq\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb mendosh q\u00eb grat\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb as \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb e as \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb jet\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore.\u00a0<\/strong>K\u00ebto sigurisht q\u00eb jan\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb nj\u00eb historie t\u00eb gjat\u00eb patriarkalizmi n\u00eb Ballkan e n\u00eb bot\u00eb, mir\u00ebpo kjo nuk e p\u00ebrligj k\u00ebt\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs. Diskursi, gjuha e p\u00ebrditshme, imazhet kulturore dhe artistike, mesazhet q\u00eb p\u00ebrcillen, mbajn\u00eb brenda vetes shum\u00eb posht\u00ebrim t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb ndaj femrave, a nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe posht\u00ebrim jo t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb ndaj meshkujve. N\u00eb bot\u00ebn e sotme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranueshme q\u00eb grat\u00eb t\u00eb shihen si objekte seksi, e nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht as meshkujt si objekte epshi. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb mentalitete t\u00eb mbetura nga nj\u00eb histori q\u00eb ka vepruar mbi k\u00ebto parime, mir\u00ebpo p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb re, nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri m\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, nevojitet q\u00eb t\u00eb kap\u00ebrcejm\u00eb p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebtyre fenomeneve, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn brenda produkteve dhe bot\u00ebs kulturore. Bota nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7 e meshkujve, andaj v\u00ebshtrimi ndaj bot\u00ebs nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ve\u00e7\u00a0v\u00ebshtrim mashkullor<\/em>, por duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb\u00a0v\u00ebshtrim njer\u00ebzor.<\/em><\/p>\n

KY SHKRIM \u00cbSHT\u00cb SHKRUAR EKSKLUZIVISHT P\u00cbR\u00a0MOLLEKUQJA.MK<\/a>. T\u00cb DREJTAT E PUBLIKIMIT I KAN\u00cb VET\u00cbM\u00a0MOLLEKUQJA.MK DHE AUTORI, SIPAS MARR\u00cbVESHJES MES TYRE.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Laura Mulvey i dha frym\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebs prej koncepteve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb kinematografis\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohore, t\u00eb quajtur\u00a0the male gaze, e q\u00eb n\u00eb shqip mund ta p\u00ebrkthejm\u00eb si\u00a0v\u00ebshtrimi mashkullor. 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